Stroke: Types, Signs, and Symptoms

An ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke that represents over 80% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel is narrowed or a blockage, usually a blood clot caused by fatty deposits called plaque, reduces blood flow to the brain. The lack of oxygenated blood flow will make brain cells stop working. High blood pressure is a leading risk factor for ischemic stroke.

There are two main types of ischemic stroke:

• Embolic – A blood clot or other particles (embolus) forms outside of the brain and travels through the bloodstream to the brain.
• Thombotic – A blood clot or thrombus forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain.

TIA or Transient Ischemic Attack is referred to as a “mini-stroke”, where the duration of symptoms are shorter and does not cause permanent damage. However, a TIA is a strong indicator that you are at serious risk of having another stroke. Get the appropriate care to limit this risk and get immediate help.

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when an artery in the brain ruptures or leaks bloods. The sudden rush of blood will put pressure on brain cells which causes them to be damaged and stop working. Bleeding inside the brain or brain hemorrhage is toxic for the brain tissue, causing cells in that area to weaken and die.

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. This type of stroke can happen in two ways:

• Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) – A life-threatening type of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) – A less common type of stroke that occurs when blood leaks on the surface of the brain.

It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke. If you or your loved ones are experiencing any of these signs, it is imperative to call 911 immediately.

• B–alance: Is the person experiencing a lost of balance, headache or dizziness?
• E–yes: Is the person experiencing blurred vision?
• F–ace: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
• A–rms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
• S–peech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange?
• T–ime: If you see any of these signs, call 9-1-1 right away.

Understanding your condition and how to manage it can increase your confidence in making changes to improve and maintain your health or the health of your loved one. The treatment you will receive will depend on the type of stroke you have been diagnosed with.